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Cape Breton coal strike of 1981
The Cape Breton coal strike of 1981 was a strike by coal miners belonging to the United Mine Workers of America against the Cape Breton Development Corporation (DEVCO) of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. The strike, which was bitter and violent, began in the middle of July 1981, and ended in early October of that year.
==Historical context==
Coal miners in Nova Scotia were first organized by the Provincial Workmen's Association (PWA) in 1897. The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) attempted to organize the miners and supplant the PWA in 1908. The two unions fought for control, but in 1917 joined forces and formed the Amalgamated Mine Workers of Nova Scotia. The Amalgamated affiliated fully with UMWA a year later. Miners were represented continuously by UMWA over the next 80 years.〔Coats, "The Labour Movement in Canada," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,'' May 1923; "InDepth: Cape Breton: The Unions," ''CBC News,'' December 8, 2004; Frank, "Industrial Democracy and Industrial Legality: The UMWA in Nova Scotia, 1908-1927," in ''The United Mine Workers of America: A Model of Industrial Solidarity?'', 1996; Earle and Gamberg, "The United Mine Workers and the Coming of the CCF to Cape Breton," ''Workers and the State in Twentieth Century Nova Scotia,'' 1989.〕
Strikes during this period were exceedingly rare. Nevertheless, major work stoppages occurred in 1920s. In 1920, the British Empire Steel Corporation (BESCO) took ownership of all gold, silver and coal mines in Nova Scotia. UMWA and BESCO had an extremely adversarial relationship. After BESCO slashed wages by a third in 1922, 12,000 outraged union members struck. Twelve hundred Canadian Militia cavalry troops were sent to Cape Breton to keep order, and machine gun nests were set up to protect BESCO property. After eight months, BESCO agreed to cut wages by only 18 percent, an agreement neither side was very happy with.
During a steelworkers' strike in the summer of 1923, mounted provincial police attacked a crowd of women and children on July 1, 1923, in what became known as Bloody Sunday. The miners' union struck in protest. Federal troops were called in to break both strikes. Six months later, when the miners' contract expired, BESCO proposed wage cuts totaling 20 percent. The union struck again, and a new contract restoring the wage cut was reached in April 1924.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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